Drafting Design Basics Essays

Drafting Design Basics Essays Drafting Design Basics Essay Drafting Design Basics Essay Getting the hang of Drafting and Design Basics in an Online Environment: A Study Determining the Effectiveness by Davetta L. Gipson A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of ED7210: The Delivery of Distance Education June 4, 2004 100 Antioch Pike Nashville, TN, 37211 (615) 837-7103 [emailprotected] com Dr. Joann Kroll Wheeler Abstract Recently, the ITT Technical Institute Nashville Campus started offering their General Education courses in an online organization for approaching understudies. A solid chance exists that some specialized center courses will be offered later on utilizing a separation conveyance strategy to limit the measure of time understudies spend nearby. Examination concerning diverse conveyance strategies is basic for a sufficient correlation, just as figuring out which technique, assuming any, eventual more qualified for the school and understudies the same. The focal point of this paper is to decide the best instructional innovation technique to be utilized for the initial PC helped drafting and structure course. The strategies to be thought about are PC supported guidance, PC based preparing and Web-based preparing. Chapter by chapter list Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 4 List of Tables 5 Introduction 6 Understanding Computer-Aided Drafting Design 7 1 Board Drafting Skills 7 2 Computer Drafting Skills 11 Current Course Offering 12 Converting From Traditional Method to Distance Delivery Method 14 1 Screening for Distance Learning Suitability 15 Determining Suitable Portions for Conversion 16 3 Selecting Appropriate Media for Conversion 16 1 Computer-Aided Instruction 17 2 Computer-Based Training 18 3 Web-Based Training 18 4 Determining Time Requirements for Development 20 5 Conversion Lifecycle 22 Conclusion 24 References List of Figures Figure 1. Drafting board 8 Figure 2. T-square 8 Figure 3. Track Drafting Machine 8 Figure 4. 30-60-90 triangle and 45-45-90 triangle 9 Figure 5. Protractor 9 Figure 6. Scale 9 Figure 7. Lead Holder 9 Figure 8. Drawing Leads 9 Figure 9. Lead Pointer 9 Figure 10a. Isometric Grid Paper 10 Figure 10b. Square Grid Paper 10 Figure 10c. Lettering Grid Paper 10 Figure 10d. Drawing Media Paper Size 10 Figure 10e. Paper Size Layout 10 Figure 11. Digitizer 11 Figure 12. Plotter 11 List of Tables Table 1. Course Distance Learning Screening Form 15 Table 2. Qualified Instructional Hours for Conversion 16 Table 3. Rising Web-Based Tools 20 Table 4. Student Courseware Interactivity and Associated Learning Objectives 21 Table 5. Media Compression rates and Developmental Hours 22 Table 6. Change Support Staffing 23 Table 7. Last Selection Criteria 26 Learning Drafting and Design Basics in an Online Environment: A Study Determining the Effectiveness Within the most recent nine months, the ITT Technical Institute Nashville Campus started offering their General Education courses online to approaching and students from other schools. At the point when the online program formally started longer than a year back, it was overseen through another school and understudy data was sent to the ITT Technical Institute where the understudy was enrolled to take their specialized center courses. Since that time, the online program has experienced a couple of modifications. The current instructional technique, Questa Training, was made by ITT Educational Services, Incorporated. Since the online courses started, numerous understudies have gotten disappointed with their learning experience. For a few, it is the protection from change and for other people, it is the failure to see how the online condition capacities. There are additionally a level of understudies who feel the online condition isn't appropriately designed to consider the ideal learning experience. In view of these shifting issues, numerous understudies have started conversations in regards to pulling back from the course and some have gotten some information about the chance of taking the course in the conventional homeroom setting. Notwithstanding the disappointment in the online organization, chairmen are hoping to get ready for a portion of the center courses to make a similar change inside a couple of years. Monceaux, the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs answered, â€Å"Although no plans are last as of now, ITT Educational Services Incorporated is investigating the chance of moving a portion of our initial quarter courses into an online format† (Personal correspondence, Murphy Monceaux, May 25, 2004). One significant worry of employees in the School of Design has been that of the PC helped drafting and plan understudies having the option to learn board-drafting aptitudes, just as the AutoCAD 2004 programming they are instructed during their second and third quarters. The motivation behind this paper is to decide whether an online arrangement is the best methods where to pass on fundamental board drafting aptitudes, just as an essential comprehension of the AutoCAD 2004 programming orders. The conveyance techniques to be looked at are PC supported guidance, PC based preparing and Web-based preparing. The last end drawn will appear if any of the conveyance techniques will be viable or if the customary homeroom setting would be the best methods by which to show the required aptitudes. Understanding Computer-Aided Drafting and Design So as to figure out which conveyance strategy would be the best to utilize, an away from of PC supported drafting and configuration is fundamental. PC helped drafting and configuration alludes to the capacity to electronically make fast and exact drawings with the utilization of a PC (CADD Primer, 2003). There are various programming bundles accessible that take into account drawing creation; anyway the one to be talked about in this paper is AutoCAD 2004. In spite of the fact that the utilization of the PC is important to pick up the required aptitudes, fundamental board drafting abilities are basic in the drafting and structure industry also. Board Drafting Skills Every drafter starts their preparation by building up a range of abilities that rotates around using the drafting board and different drafting devices. This range of abilities joins conventional drafting devices. Customary instruments are gadgets used to help the human submit making specialized drawings (Bertoline, 2003). Numerous apparatuses were initially utilized in old Greece to contemplate and create geometry, yet have advanced into instruments used to create specialized drawings or portrayals. The entirety of the devices appeared in this paper are an indispensable piece of the board drafting procedure and they each have a specific reason. The primary conventional device to be utilized is the drafting table or planning phase (figure 1). Utilized for holding a sheet of attracting media a fixed position and to give a straight edge to a T-square (figure 2) or Track Drafting Machine (figure 3). The T-Square is utilized to attract flat lines and to hold triangles (figure 4) for drawing vertical lines. The Track Drafting [pic] Figure 1. Drafting Board [pic][pic] Figure 2. T-SquareFigure 3. Track Drafting Machine is utilized to draw exact even, vertical and rakish lines. It is sufficiently exact to supplant the T-square, triangles, the protractor (figure 5) and scales (figure 6). Triangles permit lines to be drawn at 30, 45, and 60-degree edges. When joining triangles, lines can be attracted 15-degree increases. [pic][pic] Figure 4. 30-60-90 triangle and 45-45-90 triangle [pic][pic] Figure 5. ProtractorFigure 6. Scale The protractor is utilized to design and draw precise lines or measure points on the drawing, while the scale is utilized to format estimations at decreased or broadened sizes. When taking a shot at specialized drawings, specific composition or outlining utensils are utilized too. A lead holder (figure 7) holds uncommon size and grades of drafting drives (figure 8) that take into consideration the formation of various line types and styles. It likewise replaces wooden pencils and needs an uncommon sharpener to give a point to the lead, which is known as a lead pointer (figure 9). [pic] Figure 7. Lead Holder Figure 8. Drawing LeadsFigure 9. Lead Pointer The last specialized attracting apparatus to make reference to is more media based, which is the drawing media or paper (figure 10a-e) itself. Attracting media alludes to the various kinds of sheets utilized during the time spent making specialized drawings. There are a few sorts of attracting media to be utilized and each type is needy upon the specialized attracting to be finished. The main sort of drawing media is network paper (figures 10ab), which is utilized to get ready fundamental and freehand representations of your drawing. The last kind is intended for creating lettering styles and configurations (figure 10c). Drawing media comes in specific sizes dependent on the sort of specialized drawing being made and the measure of detail to be put on that drawing. The paper sizes and shapes are appeared in figure 10d and figure 10e. [pic] Figure 10a. Isometric framework Figure 10b. Rectangular gridFigure 10c. Lettering framework [pic][pic] Figure 10d. Drawing Media Paper SizesFigure 10e. Paper size design Computer Drafting Skills For today’s drafter, it is a need to have board drafting aptitudes, yet PC drafting abilities also. The specialized instruments have advanced from pencils, triangles, scales, and protractors to PC supported drafting (CAD) frameworks (Bertoline, 2003). The essential capacity of the CAD System is to permit the drafter, planner, designer or engineer to take care of realistic issues and produce precise, decipherable specialized drawings. There are a few segments that make up the equipment bit of a CAD framework, for example, the PC, screen, console, mouse or pointing framework, digitizer (figure 11) and plotter (figure 12). The vast majority of the equipment is utilized regularly in today’s society, in spite of the fact that very few know about the digitizer and the plotter. The digitizer is utilized

Kinsta Review for WordPress Hands-on Look, Plus Performance Tests

Considering utilizing Kinsta to have your WordPress site? In our grasp on Kinsta survey for WordPress, well offer our considerations on this famous host.Kinsta is a WordPress-explicit host, giving oversaw designs a lot of fancy odds and ends. Simultaneously, it’s not actually modest. The inquiry is †will this facilitating supplier merit the cost?To assist you with responding to this inquiry, we’ve set up a full Kinsta survey for WordPress. We’ll spread what highlights are incorporated, the exhibition and bolster you can expect, and what you’ll need to pay. Let’s hop directly in! Some facilitating suppliers attempt to do everything. Kinsta, then again, has a quite certain core interest. This supplier offers a solitary arrangement of plans, which are all WordPress-specific.The plans are additionally completely overseen, which implies you can be very distant with regards to setting up and keeping up your site.Kinsta is cloud WordPress facilitating , which implies that it doesnt have its own datacenter with its own servers. Rather, the entirety of its arrangements are fueled by the top notch level of Google Cloud Platform, which is a similar framework that Google uses to control its own products.As for highlights, Kinsta has a lot to offer. This includes:A custom dashboard, where you can see site details and analytics.Automatic day by day reinforcements, alongside the choice to back your site up manually.A arranging region for testing changes to your site.Free relocations from WP Engine and Flywheel.A free SSL certificate.Various security highlights, for example, firewalls and uptime checks.Secure Shell (SSH) access to your site, for improvement tasks.Included CDN data transmission by means of KeyCDN.All of these highlights are incorporated even on the fundamental Starter plan. This list of capabilities furnishes you with a great deal of the instruments you’ll need to make and deal with your site immediately, limiting t he requirement for outer arrangements (and getting you going fast).ðÿ'  Support optionsEven however your Kinsta site will be overseen, you’re as yet going to require help and counsel every once in a while. Access to educated and dependable help is in this way an unquestionable requirement have.Kinsta gives various help choices, including email and live talk through your dashboard. As a component of our Kinsta survey for WordPress, we tried the latter:The bolster group rushed to react, supportive, and for the most part ready to point us in the privilege direction.There are additionally a lot of assets to help you in an additional hands-on design. These incorporate an information base, a determination of far reaching guides on key themes, and a functioning online journal. Each of the three are elegantly composed and contain bunches of valuable guidance and tips.ðŸˆÂ PerformanceNow, we come to what may be the most significant piece of our Kinsta survey for WordPress. Top execution is imperative on any site †in any event in the event that you need to hold guests and give a solid User Experience (UX).It’s especially critical to look at what an oversaw supplier offers regarding execution. All things considered, they’ll be the ones to a great extent in charge of keeping your site running easily. Luckily, Kinsta covers the essentials, such as:Servers fueled by various key advances, including NGINX, Linux holders (LXD), PHP 7, and MariaDB.Access to a free Content Delivery Network (CDN).Solid State Drive (SSD) storage.Server-level reserving (no requirement for your own reserving plugin).And once more, the fundamental framework is Google Cloud Platform, which gives you the unwavering quality and execution of Googles network.Another advantage of Google Cloud Platform is that you can look over 18â differentâ data focuses, which is far more than most has offer. These server farms are found the whole way across the globe. You can look over a wide range of European areas, various US and Canadian urban areas, and even remote, for example, Brazil, India, and Australia.By having the alternative to choose your server farm, you can position your site’s ‘home’ near the greater part of its clients. This is a convenient method to diminish stacking times and keep execution tight.Page speed tests with PingdomSo, how do every one of those highlights passage when scrutinized? For the following phase of our Kinsta audit for WordPress, we set up our very own testing site. At that point we utilized Pingdom Tools to gauge its stacking times from an assortment of areas. Our outcomes are as per the following (each number is the normal of three tests):San Francisco: 1.92 secondsWashington D.C.: 1.79 secondsLondon: 1.25 secondsFrankfurt: 4.75 secondsWhile workable, these occasions are not a big deal. Be that as it may, the initial three do remain under the brilliant two-second imprint, with the Frankfurt time falling b ehind (likely due to our server’s location).Page speed tests with Load ImpactOf course, singular stacking times are just a large portion of the image. The other key component of your site’s execution is the means by which well it holds up under the strain of various simultaneous clients. To test this, we can utilize Load Impact’s helpful tool.When we ran our test site through Load Impact, we got the accompanying results:Load Generator: Ashburn, United StatesTest Server: Mountain View, United StatesMinimum Response Time: 0.12 secondsMaximum Response Time: 0.13 secondsAs an unmistakable difference to Pingdom, these outcomes are significantly more amazing. The stacking times remained astoundingly low and predictable all through the whole test, which put a strain of up to 50 virtual clients on the site on the double. This recommends with the correct server position, Kinsta destinations are equipped for keeping up fantastic execution under stress.ðÿ' ¸ Kinsta prici ngThe last component of our Kinsta survey for WordPress is to take a gander at this provider’s valuing alternatives. As we referenced before, there’s only a solitary arrangement of WordPress-explicit oversaw plans:However, youre ready to scale your arrangement to address your issues, since there are eight levels on offer. They run from $30 every month for a solitary WordPress introduce, to a $900 every month venture plan supporting up to 80 installs.The designs in the middle of offer a scope of introduces, upheld traffic, and assets. Be that as it may, generally, the highlights furnished with each are indistinguishable. 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There are likewise some discretionary additional items you can buy, for example, an investigation motor and additional reinforcement storage.ðÿ' Ã°Ã¿'ž Overall aces and consBefore we wrap up this Kinsta audit for WordPress, let’s sum up the essential points of interest and disadvantages of picking this oversaw provider.ProsWide scope of both fundamental and progressed featuresWordPress-explicit streamlining, usefulness, and supportPowered by Google Cloud Platforms premium tierMany execution advancements, including the decision between 18 worldwide information centersScalable arrangement choices to accommodate your needsConsEven the Starter plan is on the pricier side with regards to WordPress facilitating, and may not fit into each budgetðÿ   ConclusionAll on the whole, the consequences of our Kinsta survey for WordPress propose this is a supplier to focus on. The cost might be high for a few, however incorporates a huge amount of highlights and bolster alternatives. In the ev ent that you’re searching for an extensive arrangement that offers site the executives and a considerable lot of the devices you have to begin, Kinsta merits a look.Of course, there are a lot of different WordPress suppliers you’ll need to look at in examination. To kick you off, here are a portion of our surveys of comparable oversaw WordPress hosts:WP Engine Review for WordPress: Is It Worth the Money?Flywheel Review for WordPress: A Reliable Managed Hosting Option?DreamHost Review for WordPress: Managed Hosting on a Tight spending plan Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your stacking time by even 50-80% just by following straightforward tips. * This post contains subsidiary connections, which implies that in the event that you click on one of the item connections and, at that point buy the item, well get a little charge. No concerns however, youll still compensation the standard sum so theres no expense on your part.<div id=wppr-surv ey 20034 class=wppr-format wppr-layout default wppr-survey holder >Kinsta $30.00 <img src=https://mllj2j8xvfl0.i.optimole.com/w:auto/h:auto/q:auto/https://s15165.pcdn.co/wp-content/transfers/2018/11/kinsta-logo-150x150.png alt=Kinsta class=photo photograph wrapup wppr-item picture/><img src=https://mllj2j8xvfl0.i.optimole.com/w:150/h:150/q:auto/rt:fill/g:ce/https://s15165.pcdn.co/wp-content/transfers/2018/11/kinsta-logo.png alt=Kinsta class=photo photograph wrapup wppr-item picture/> 9.6<div class=wppr-bar style= - webkit-change: rotate(345.6deg); - ms-change: rotate(345.6deg); change: rotate(345.6deg); > USER RATING 9.6/10 RELIABILITY 9.6/10 PERFORMANCE 9.5/10 SUPPORT 9.8/10 ProsFeature-richWordPress-explicit optimizationWide determination of worldwide information centersScalable arrangement choices ConsWont fit into each financial plan Go to Kinsta {@context:http://schema.org/,@type:Product,name:Kinsta,image:https://mllj2j8xvfl0.i.optimole.com/w:auto/h:auto/q:auto/https://s15165.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/kinsta-logo-150x150.png,description:Considering utilizing Kinsta to have your WordPress site? In our grasp on Kinsta survey for WordPress, we'll share our contemplations on this famous host. Kinsta is a WordPress-explicit host, giving oversaw designs a lot of fancy odds and ends. Simultaneously, itu2019s not actually modest. The inquiry is u2013 will this facilitating supplier be worth...,offers:{@type:Offer,price:30.00,priceCurrency:USD,seller:{@type:Person,name:John Hughes}},review:{@type:Review,reviewRating:{@type:Rating,bestRating:10,worstRating:0,ratingValue:

How to Write a Powerful Essay Using Simple Persuasive Essay Topics

How to Write a Powerful Essay Using Simple Persuasive Essay TopicsWhen writing a simple persuasive essay, you must always keep in mind that the most important aspect of your essay is the foundation. It is the element that will hold your arguments together. Without it, you may find yourself losing readers and your argument may fall flat.Your foundation needs to focus on a few basic premise. This is something that you will have to work towards each time you write your essay. For example, you might focus on the idea that no one can be happy living with no money. This will build a stronger foundation for your argument to stand on and will certainly lead to some interesting outcomes.As well as the premise, you will also need to think about the goal. You need to be sure that you are not creating a topic that is nothing more than a 'WANTED' topic. This type of topic is very common and can come off as really lame.You must also be sure that your simple persuasive essay topic does not make peo ple lose hope. Most often people do not want to read about terrible things. Therefore you need to include items that will appeal to readers and encourage them to continue reading.If you use any elements that make people become bored, you will find that they will lose interest quickly and will not be interested in learning anything more. That is why it is important to create a topic that appeals to everyone. This is so you are not in the position of only writing to people who are interested in your argument.The next thing that you need to keep in mind is how you are going to structure your topics. Of course, you want to use different parts of the essay as the different sections. You do not want to put all of your essay together at once. Instead, you want to set up each section as you go along.Each part of the essay should then be unique. It is great if you have several things going on in your essay but the truth is you need to separate them out. For example, you might have a part tha t talks about how boring owning a house is. However, you would not want to do that if you have three essays that all talk about that subject.In conclusion, your simple persuasive essay topic will be the foundation for your arguments. It is the element that will hold your argument together. Without it, you may find yourself losing readers and your argument may fall flat.

Technology Is Taking Over Daily Classroom Learning Essay

Every year technology advances more and more. Due to this, the purpose of this paper is to inform how much technology has become a necessity to learning in a classroom setting. Nowadays, students can walk into a classroom and the instructor can stay at their desk while a PowerPoint plays. Therefore, technology has advanced so much that all an instructor has to do is lift their finger and press a button and their lesson is ready to go. In this paper, I have researched and discussed this growing phenomenon in hope that people will see how fast technology is taking over daily classroom learning. Technology Takeover Chalkboards have become a thing of the past as teachers continue to bring new technology into the classroom. Schools today have altered over the last couple of years. One of the major changes has been the use of technology in the classroom. With the usage of modern technology, teaching has become more evolved in the classroom. When walking into a classroom students are bound to see some type of electronic device. Ninety-seven percent of teachers have one or more computers located in the classroom (Wade, Rasmussen, Fox-Turnbull, 2013). Teachers use electronic devices for not only their benefit but the students also. With these educational tool teachers have established a way to help students learn and be more active in daily classroom assignments. Media usage among children eight to eighteen has grown so fast that they spend on average twice as much time withShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Technology In Education1094 Words   |  5 Pagesdeny that technology is becoming a major portion o f daily life. The use of technology is impacting the use of medicine, transportation, and work in an unprecedented way allowing for innovations to happen daily. With such rapid expansion, it did not take long for technology to spread into the classroom. Technology started influencing lectures with power points, videos, games, and supplemental material that enhance the grasp of specific concepts to allow for more than one means of learning. But is thisRead MoreIntegrating Technology into the Classroom Essays1551 Words   |  7 PagesIntegrating Technology into the Classroom Technology is gradually changing our society; there is no doubt about that. If told ten years ago that students had the capabilities of having a robot for a teacher, one might laugh or suggest a new Hollywood movie. Now a days, this, along with many other advancements, can be a reality. Technology has added many benefits such as allowing students easy access to new information, offering a portable and affordable solution for textbooks and has even beenRead MoreImportance of Technology in Education Essays1310 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolves technology. Everyday life is no longer simple. If one is not tech savvy, he or she may struggle to make his or her way through the day. In recent times technology has reached a new level of advancements and is taking over everywhere, including the classroom. Which is why San Angelo schools should incorporate more into elementary classrooms. Technology is used for basic actions but can also make activities easier for students. Research shows when te chnology is integrated into the classroom studentsRead MoreTechnology Integration Matrix Is A Rubric For Teachers787 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology Integration Matrix, TIM, is a rubric for teachers. The matrix helps teachers to make the best decisions about the use of technology in their classrooms. There are five levels of technology curriculum integration: entry, adoption, adaptation, infusion, and transformation. The levels are from the teacher that uses technology to deliver the daily lesson to the teacher that encourages a student led advocacy environment. There are also five characteristics: active, collaborative, constructiveRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology In Education853 Words   |  4 PagesIn the twenty-first century, it seems like technology is taking over the world, but more specifically, in the United States of America. Clearly, technology has become part of the daily lives of Americans. Now days, in 2017, people would rather have their attention on an e lectronic device instead of what is happening around them. Society has changed dramatically over the past ten years due to the constant improvements in technology. Moreover, it seems like the use of the commonly used print resourcesRead MoreWhat Are We Thinking About When Using Computers?1301 Words   |  6 Pagescomputers?†, I reflect on my introduction to technology and my past experiences with computers. I like to think that I was born tech savvy, and my personal experiences are a reflection of that. Although my introduction to computers started off rocky, I am surprised to see how my past experiences relate to my opinion of technology use today. My first encounter with a computer started in elementary school, which had no more than four computers in our classrooms. Seldom were we allowed to use the computersRead MoreTechnology Is The World Of Online Education1026 Words   |  5 Pagesincorporating digital learning into their classrooms. Through diversifying learning and opening communication technology has become the most unique way to develop the comprehension the school’s desire. Student learning and the outcome of the technology generation has become a common development and looks as though it is here to stay. 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In past, several learning institutes have tried applying new and latest technologies to enhance the teaching experience. Technology needs to be analysed methodically to estimate the benefits. The technology we discussed and recommend includes Webex, classroom recording which facilitate collaborative online interactive sessions. These technology have played importantRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The Classroom1107 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology in the Classroom Over the last two decades technology has changed the way we see the world, however education fell short. Because of lack of funding, educators chose to not incorporate technology into the educational environment until much later. Only now, in early 2015 are schools truly beginning to introduce the â€Å"Digital Classroom†. The â€Å"Digital Classroom† is the 21st century s classroom and Jeremy Posey, a mathematics coordinator and NMSI expert, says it best â€Å"To begin with, let’s

The Amazons Were A Group Of Warrior Women Who Fought Many...

Amazons The Amazons were a group of warrior women who fought many of the great Greek heroes. They consistently went against what was considered the normal female role and led lives like their male counterparts. Unlike some myths in Greek mythology, the myths that involve the Amazons are spread out over time and often have multiple variations of one myth. Myths involving the Amazons even sometimes have versions of the same myth with different Amazon warriors, making it difficult to understand what Amazon women is associated with the certain myth. Throughout Greek mythology, the Amazons were portrayed as fierce warriors and this carries over into today’s society. The Amazons were daughters of Ares, the God of war, and the nymph Harmonia. They were fierce, warrior women who lived separately from men (Powell). They trained the way that male warriors did, even though they were female. They refused to follow the ways of the Greek society and were often portrayed as barbarians for i t (Powell). The name Amazon actually means single breast, which is where the idea that the Amazons cut off their right breast came from (Greeka). The Amazons were not part of the Greek way of life and where always living at the outer edge of the Greeks world. In Greek mythology, it is not very clear on where the Amazons actually resided. Some myths say that the Amazon nation is near the river Thermodon, between the river Halys and city Trabson, near a cliff, or on an island called ThemiscyraShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology s Influence On The Arts And Literature Of Western Civilization2652 Words   |  11 Pagesancient Greeks about their gods, heroes, and explanations of the nature and history of the universe are known as Greek mythology. These stories, or myths, have survived for more than 2,000 years. Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the arts and literature of Western civilization, which inherited much of Greek culture. Like the myths of many other cultures, those of ancient Greece tell how the world was created and help explain why things happen. The ancient Greeks worshipped many godsRead MoreThe Myth Of The Amazons And The Great Story Of Hercules2882 Words   |  12 Pagesmove forward in life in myths and many other sources. Myths are traditional stories that deal with a historical explanation of some natural or social event, usually associating with supernatural appearances. The ancient Greeks told their cosmos through teachings and tales concerning their gods and heroes, and the importance of the culture and ritual practices to show their natural state. The myth of the Amazons and the great story of Hercules explain the ancient Greeks use mythology to show their naturalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by MichaelRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageslikewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial

Why Genetics Is Important And A Huge Part Of Our Lives

Why is genetics so important and a huge part of our lives? Genetics is important because it is what makes you unique. Genetics is the study of heredity, or also known as the traits being passed from parents to offspring. Genetics are the essence of life they are what make everything about you. They are what connect you to your parents because you inherit traits from them. Learning about genetics can help you understand some of the traits you have and from which parent you might have received them from. Not only can you research this but also you can understand your own health. Genetics wouldn’t be what they are today if it wasn’t for some key tools you can say. Genetics deals with heredity, traits, DNA, genes, proteins, and chromosomes. Everyone is always asking themselves why brothers and sisters resemble each other. This is where heredity comes in the picture. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their children as I mentioned earlier. Traits are known as features or qualities in a person. Traits are what make everyone unique. They are passed down from generation to generation, this meaning inheriting traits from your parents and passing them down to your children. There are a few different types of traits, physical, behavioral and predisposition to a medical condition. A physical trait is known as your hair, eye color and includes your height. The environment can change your physical traits. Say you had dark brown hair and you have been exposed to the sun aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Human Growth And Development Timeline944 Words   |  4 PagesEach part of our development we go through will mater when we reach that point in our lives if you think about it in that context. That’s why it is important to know your family history in order to plan for you future and prevent things from happening. The first type of development we have learned about was heredity and prenatal development. 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ADHD or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. â€Å"Affects children and teens and can continue into adulthood. Those diagnosed with ADHD may be hyperactive and unable control their impulses. Or they may have trouble paying attention. These behaviorsRead MoreIn The World We Live In Today, Especially In The United1737 Words   |  7 Pages In the world we live in today, especially in the United States, people did not think about the food they eat— where it came from, how it was grown and what hormones or antibiotics were used. However, through the advancement of the Internet, social media, phones and applications and people’s increased pressure for transparency and making science understandable, food has become a controversial topic in regards to genetic modification, antibiotics, a nd pesticides and herbicides. Too many peopleRead MoreDonor Babies : Grace Of God Saviors Or Last Resort Recyclables1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthought, what would have happened if Kate had been healthy. 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Definition of Dominant and Recessive Gene free essay sample

Chromosomes composed by thousands of genes, the chemical blueprints of all living things. Gene : 1. determiner for physical traits (eye color, blood type, bone structure) 2. impact behavioral traits (intelligence, temperament, and sociability) Made of DNA molecules, looking like a long double strand arranged in a spiraling staircase fashion. DNA composed of the same chemical bases, but the exact arrangement of chemicals varied, causing diff DNA to have diff effects. Dominance and Recessiveness Ali might have received a gene for brown eyes from one parent and a gene for blue eyes from the other. It’s the principles of dominance and recessiveness would allow us to predict that the actual color of Ali’s eyes would be brown  because genes for brown eyes are dominant over blue eye genes. Dominant gene is one that is always expressed in the phenotype (the gene that prevails when paired with a subordinate or recessive gene) Recessive gene is one that may be expressed only in the absence of a dominant gene, or when it is paired with a similar recessive gene. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Dominant and Recessive Gene or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Multifactorial inheritance; more complicated form of genetic transmission, in which several gene pairs interact.

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay Example

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a fast paced play full of dramatic tension. Discuss how the portrayal of sex/sexuality fuels that tension, increasing the dramatic effect. Choose some but not all of the possible examples you might used â€Å"Cat On A Hot Tin Roof,† Written by Tennessee Williams is an excellent play about a troubled family that is dealing with buried acts of deception, conflict and tension. Along with these problems comes sexuality and sex, a very important aspect of the play which increases the dramatic effect. The pressure between husband and wife created by sexual tensions. The need for Brick to be seen as a man by repressing homosexual feelings from the world by turning to the effects of alcohol. Maggie’s sexual frustration with her husband who refuses to show her the passion she is longing. The frustration Big Daddy feels from not being sexually attracted to his wife. The relationship between Big Daddy and Brick, how they are more alike then they seem to be. These are among the main problems concerning sexuality escalating dramatic tension in this play. The sexual tension between Brick and Maggie is one of the most commonly occurring conflicts throughout the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Brick and Maggie are a couple in the play who have two opposite feelings for each other. In Act 1 Maggie says to Brick â€Å"You look so cool, so cool, so enviably cool† the quote presents Brick to be represented to the audience as a man who is self contained, cool, untouchable and perfect physically. He physically embodies a real man. Maggie see’s herself as a women who is dissatisfied, ignored, and exhausted from sharing her desires with Brick as he does not feel the same way. Maggie refers to herself as a cat on a hot tin roof loving someone knowing that the love cannot be returned. Maggie confession to Brick about their relationship only increases the tensions between the two characters and forces Maggie to question their friendship for something much stronger. Maggie becomes bitter and anxious like a cat, she takes into account that without Brick’s love she will remain childless, and that they will be less favored to Big Daddy his heir and their position in his household will be put at risk. Brick, self concerned and rugged. Throughout the play, Brick continues to wash away all of his troubles and problems by drinking excessively. This is a problem that he has developed to separate himself from the problems. â€Å"One man has one great good true thing in his life. One great good thing which is true! I had a friendship with Skipper. You are naming it dirty! † This quote from Act 1 shows Brick acting out at Maggie for implying that his and Skippers relationship was more than just a friendship. This is the first time these implications are made and the first time in the play that Brick looses his cool, he links thoughts of homosexuality with disgust. This shows that the implications could be true, because when Maggie shares her own sexual approach, he reacts in a cool, calm and a completely removed manner, not showing any signs of concern. â€Å"You two had something that had to be kept on ice, yes, incorruptible, yes! † Maggie continues on about Brick’s relationship with Skipper, forcing Brick to acknowledge the fact that he did have homosexual feelings for his best friend rather than continuously mourning his death over the fact that his feelings had to be kept in secret from society. Bricks main goal is to keep his masculinity intact â€Å"Why can’t exceptional friendship.. Between two men be respected† Brick is disturbed by the fact that his desire is jeopardizing his masculinity, something that he cannot throw away because of sharing the possibility of his homosexuality. Big Daddy, the large â€Å"Mississippi Redneck† is the millionaire father of the family, effected with cancer unknowingly. Brick is the only one who knows, and hides it. Big Daddy believes that he has come back from the dead, realizing that his money cannot buy him happiness. His sexual life is now brought back into the picture. He was never pleased with his wife and did not love her the time they were married, he wants to explore sex again now that he has a second chance. This is much like Brick and Maggie’s current relationship, except Brick’s preference in gender, showing how alike Brick is to his father. He has a strong affection for his son Brick, who reminds him very much of himself. For this reason he wants Brick to be the heir to his throne. The only way to achieve this is if Brick and Maggie provide a grandchild for Big Daddy to continue his legacy. Although the possibility of this grandchild in unlikely because of Brick and Maggie’s sexual relationship. â€Å"Now, hold on.. I knocked around in my time† When Big Daddy finally learns the truth about his son’s sexuality he confesses his experimentation as a growing man, it is here that Brick and Big Daddy are more alike than ever. Now that the truth behind Brick’s sexuality is revealed he tells Big Daddy that he is still dying from cancer. â€Å"You told me! I told you! † As a result of Big Daddy forcing Brick to face his homosexuality, Brick forces Big Daddy to receive the news of his inevitable death. Now Big Daddy is occupying the position that Brick has just gotten out of, Brick is revealing and Big Daddy is receiving. Sexuality and sex in this play does increase the dramatic tension between the characters. It is something that effects everyone in the play somehow. The examples above are only three of many others. The relationship between Maggie and Brick, is almost completely dependent on Bricks sexuality, even his excessive drinking is strongly related to his sexuality. He knows that he cannot be the heir to Big Daddy without a child, yet still chooses not to engage in sexual relations with Maggie. This makes Maggie greatly concerned about her place in the household. Big Daddy comes to a sort of revelation, thinking he has been given a second life. He acts cruel with his wife, because he accepts the fact that he never truly loved her and has been hiding his sexual appetite their entire marriage. The dramatic effect in this play is lead by sexuality and sex, it acts as foundation that builds up to vital events in the play.

Mexican essays

Mexican essays We would like you to know we are not all docile nor revolutionaries but we are all survivors. . . We do not all pick lettuce, run assembly lines. . . We do not all sneak under barbed wire or wade the Rio Grande. These are the facts. . .(Castillo). Ana Castillo, the author of this poem, proves a point that as a race we all come here to the United Sates in search of a new life. We come here to survive and as Mexicans, we suffered a great deal. There has always been something there encouraging them to succeed in life, their family. Parents try their best to encourage their sons and daughters to succeed in life and take advantage of the opportunities they never had. Mexican parents work hard to give their families the best life, by creating and sharing great memories with them. Therefore, one can relate back to what ones childhood was like and what fond memories one keeps of them. Looking at what the present holds for us and what the future might bring makes one think that in order to succeed one has to overcome those fears of failing. Interestingly enough, my past experiences made me realize the world we live in is full of opportunities as well as the mistakes that we make that guides us how to choose the correct path. Therefore, as I look at my memories of my past I realize that I choose the correct path. My parents both came to the United Sates when I was one and a half years old and moved to Redwood City where we lived for the beginning of my life. Living in those apartments made me realize that not everyone chooses the right path. Growing up on those streets was the hardest challenge I had to overcome. Watching gang members destroy and ruin their lives over some insignificant symbolic mask that they wear that gave them power and made people like me and others scared of them. Looking back into my past I remember how one of my friends decided to take the wrong path and become part of a gang. I clearly remembe...

Case Study 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study 2 - Assignment Example This can be achieved through advertising an attribute of the brand in the form of a campaign. According to the case study, Cingular used Virtual Laguna Beach in order to promote the aspect of communication. This aspect acted a form of promotion which comprised of information from diverse social events. Through these interactions, the users received bonus rewards including VoIP access, cell phone animation and skins for instant-messaging players. On the other hand, Pepsi increased their in-world skills through publishing an in-world ‘zine that offers new areas in the world. This has enabled users to rack up MTV dollars for the Pepsi-branded items and other in-world purchases (Klaassen, 2007). Lastly, Secret extended its campaign through virtual booths whereby avatars aired some of their secrets for a chance to win a virtual cash prize. This case study also highlights that this scheme does not have a business model. However, the MTV network has a plan to charge for its integration into Virtual Laguna Beach. This case study also reveals brand interaction should entail a reward especially in the virtual world (Klaassen, 2007). This is because most visitors in Virtual Laguna Beach are usually exposed to these brands hence; they interact voluntarily just like in the real world. The second case study talks about the Bank of America. In most financial services that are provided all over the world, online banking is considered as a major breakthrough in the innovation sector. In 2005, the Bank of America came up with a different and radical product which broke the paradigm. Scholars assert that the online banking service concept is used to solve some of the contemporary banking issues. For example, it enables consumers to open new accounts. This concept operates in a peculiar manner such that when a consumer buys anything using the BoFA Visa Debit Card, the bank usually rounds off the figure to the nearest buck and

Value Chain Model for PSU in Order to Receive Raw Materials from South Research Paper

Value Chain Model for PSU in Order to Receive Raw Materials from South Korea and China - Research Paper Example Having a shared vision enables the workers in all the locations to collaborate in delivering value. The process of receiving spare parts, storage, general inventory control, shipping scheduling should be managed with an aim of cutting any time delays. Immediately an order is registered, a process of simulation from the production plant should be initiated. 1.4 Operations. The assembling, packaging, equipment maintenance, product-testing as well as other activities must be streamlined with an aim of creating efficiency in delivering the final desired product. In fact, all necessary output measures should be aimed at enabling workflow as well as delivery performance to include dependable stock safety levels to avoid delays and understocking. This is where a forecast comes in to ensure the scheduling of end items. In reference to the activities needed to deliver goods to the market, the different locations need to share information as well as to operate in guidance by same policies so as to translate their cooperation into a synergetic relationship. Other areas of key concern are ordered fulfilment, the logistics involved in shipping as well as Material Requirements Planning or Distribution Requirements Planning system. By using a centralized in-formation model any demand changes will be detected well in advance and preemptive measures taken in advance. There need to be many resources committed to wooing buyers to purchase the cutting technology product. On top of that, how the distributors and dealers are selected goes a long way to determine whether sales targets will be achieved or not.  

Fidel Castro In Cuban Missile Crisis History Essay

Fidel Castro In Cuban Missile Crisis History Essay Scope: The investigation will focus in assessing the importance and significance of Fidel Castros role in the Missile Crisis of 1962. Method: Castros degree of significance will be evaluated through his roles in chronological stages of the Cuban Missile Crisis, along with the reference to the superpowers. The chronological stages of roles of Castro will be divided by the background stage with the alliance between USSR, the climax stage with the shoot down of American U-2 plane and nuclear attack suggestion, and by the ending stage with the resolution in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Summary of Evidence Background Stage Invasions of US and Cubas alliance with USSR -The break up between Castro and US was already expected by the US invasion Bay of Pigs of Cuba in 1961, where US supported Cuban counter-reactionaries to overthrow Castro. -As the invasion failed, it caused Castro to form alliance with USSR, fearing further invasions of US to overthrow him. -Castros fear came to real when Cuban intelligence spotted the US activities that eventually led to Operation Mongoose in early 1962, which was another invasion designed by US to overthrow Castro. -However, as a new alliance of Cuba and Castro, USSR promised and proposed for the plan for the protection of Cuban regime, which was to ship install nuclear warheads to Cuban territory, before US would find out about it. -Castro welcomed Khrushchevs plan, and the USSR shipped their nuclear warheads to Cuba in stealthy manner, avoiding eyes of US. Initial Stage Nuclear Missiles in Cuba -It was in October 1962 that US intelligence finally found out about Soviet nuclear warheads, which were already shipped to Cuba and were in the preparation for use. -The Cuban Missile Crisis begins on 22. Oct. 1962 as US President Kennedy officially announces that numerous number of USSR nuclear warheads sites, suggesting the possibility of nuclear attack against US. -With the broadcast in the public, Kennedy quickly responded by implementing naval blockade of Cuba, and tried diplomatic negotiations with USSR to reduce the tension of the superpowers with the removal of the nuclear warheads in Cuba. -However, even in the negotiations, numerous tension-heightening incidents occurred to blur the improving relationship between the superpowers, and the danger of nuclear war emerges. Climax Stage U-2 Airplane/Castros Demand of Nuclear Strike -In the midst of negotiations between USSR and US, one of the incidents occurred, which was the shoot down of U-2 US Airplane on 27. Oct. 1962. -At the time, US and USSR believed the incident was the action of Castro, ordering anti-aircraft artillery to shoot down U-2 airplane on the day. -However, it was discovered that it was the action of USSR solider that shot down the U-2 airplane, not Castro. Soviet soldiers shot down the U-2 airplane without the order from Castro. -In addition to U-2 Airplane, another incident during the negotiations was that Castro sent letter to Khrushchev, suggesting a first nuclear strike on US. -Castros action stunned Khrushchev, and from that time, Khrushchev sorted him as young and emotionally charged man who was too inexperienced. Ending Stage Resolution of Crisis and Negotiations -Despite tension-heightening actions during the negotiations, the Cuban Missile Crisis was heading towards the end. -Mutual solution was achieved by the proposal message of Khrushchev on 26. Oct. 1962, and by the acceptance response of Kennedy in 27. Oct. 1962. -The solution was concluded that USSR would depart nuclear warheads out of Cuba under UN supervision, and in return, US would dismiss naval blockade of island and promise never to invade Cuba again. -On 28. Oct. 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis came to an end as Moscow broadcasted that Khrushchev has decided to de-install nuclear bases in Cuba and return them to USSR. -However, throughout the whole period of negotiation of the Crisis, the table of negotiation involved only two superpowers, leaving out Castro. -The resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis was a shock and humiliation to Castro, as he was not given rights to speak for he has been excluded from the negotiations. Evaluation of Sources Analysis Firstly, in the background stage of Cuban Missile Crisis, the role of Castro seems to be influential with the reasons being that he has made successful alliance with USSR and consented to its plan, thereby bringing in nuclear warheads for the sole purpose of protecting Castros government against US. Nevertheless, the significance of Castros role may be limited since it is difficult to see Khrushchevs purpose of alliance with the supply of nuclear warheads as a plan to simply protect Castro and Cuba from US. Within a big picture, it is more likely that USSR is trying to maintain the balance of power of the superpowers, because USSR was in imbalance of strategy with US before the Cuban Missile Crisis, for US was surrounding USSR military bases in the region of Turkey. Therefore, USSRs sending nuclear missiles is to let US learn what it is like to have their land and people put in danger. Moreover, the superpowers secret negotiation in Oct 1962 in which USSR would take back nuclear when US promises to remove blockade of USSR military bases in Turkey makes it more clear that the USSR alliance and supply of nuclear warheads to Cuba are more reasonable when they reflected by USSRs sole interests rather than of Castros. Secondly, in the climax stage of Cuban Missile Crisis, which was during late October 1962, US U-2 airplane was shot down in Cuba. Castro was suspected as in taking his role in crashing US U-2 airplane, as Khrushchev notes that Fidel Castro gave orders to USSR soldiers to put down US U-2 airplane. The role that Castro played in the Cuban Missile Crisis would have been significantly large as it would end the diplomatic negotiations around the Crisis and start a total confrontation of nuclear weapons between the superpowers. However, after further investigation, as it is proven that Soviet soldiers crashed U-2 airplane with no orders from Castro, his role in the Crisis cannot be given any significance as he has not taken any action. Furthermore, role of Castro is related with his suggestion to USSR to launch first nuclear strike attack on US. However, not only was his role proven to be insignificant as Khrushchev rejected to accommodate his suggestion of plan, but Castros over-eagerness in advocating nuclear war ironically reminded Khrushchev of the significance of preserving the peace of the world, thereby contributing to the peaceful outcome by the crisis resolution in 26,27th Oct 1962. Lastly, in the ending stage with the resolution of the crisis and negotiations, Castros exclusion from the USSR-US negotiations of the Cuban Missile Crisis is the crucial indication that shows political insignificance of Castro in the role of the Crisis. Because Castro was not invited, there is no influence from his voice that would have shaped the outcome of the negotiations in the Crisis. Castro was informed of Khrushchevs announcement of removal of all nuclear warheads and the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis on the radio after the day of the negotiations, just like everyone else in the world. This suggests that to the behalf of USSR and US, in the concern of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Castro was significant no more than just an ordinary Cuban citizen. Many US politicians at the time of the Crisis agree upon the fact that Cuba was just a background setting for the US-USSR confrontation. Indeed, Castro could not take any significant role in the Crisis because the conflict was solely between the United States and the Soviet Union.  [1]   On the other hand, however, Khrushchev mentioned in the memoir that Cuban Castro actually played important role in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Khrushchev states that Castro was fully responsible for the crash of U-2 airplane, and his support of nuclear war has encouraged and made USSR to consider about launching an unexpected attack on US. However, as it has been found out that the crash of U-2 plane did not involve Castro in any aspect, and that Khrushchev has made such statements without specific and clear details in his memoir, it is hard to accept that Castro was significant in his role of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Conclusion Throughout the whole stages of the Cuban Missile Crisis from the background to the ending, the role of Castro has been overshadowed by the roles of USSR and US. In the background stage, it was Khrushchev who planned and carried out the shipment of nuclear warheads into Cuba to trigger the crisis. Also, in the climax stage, Castros possible significant role in U-2 airplane shoot down was proven to be wrong as Castro has found to be unrelated with the incident. As Bonsal argues, the Cuban Missile Crisis was a conflict that only involved USSR and US. The view is justified as we look into possibilities that Khrushchev has deployed his nuclear warheads for different motives other than to protect Castro from US and when we consider Castros exclusion from the negotiation table. In conclusion, the extent of Fidel Castros significance in his role in the Cuban Missile Crisis is absolutely limited. Castro, Fidel, and Ignacio Ramonet. Fidel Castro: My Life: A Spoken Autobiography. New York: Scribner, 2008. Print. Coltman, Leycester. The Real Fidel Castro. 1st ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. Print. Connolly, Sean. Castro: A Beginners Guide. London: Hodder Headline, 2002. Print. Dobbs, Michael. One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War. New York: Knopf, 2008. Print. Griffiths, John. The Cuban Missile Crisis. Vero Beach, Florida: Rourke Pub Group, 1987. Print. Kagan, Donald. On the Origins of War: And the Preservation of Peace. New York: Anchor, 1996. Print. Kennedy, Robert F.. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crises. New York: Signet, 1983. Print. Skierka, Volker. Fidel Castro: A Biography. University Park, PA: Polity, 2004. Print. Taubman, William. Khrushchev: The Man and His Era. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2003. Print. Winters, Paul A.. Historys Great Defeats The Cold War (Historys Great Defeats). 1 ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Lucent Books, 2000. Print.

Free Death Penalty Essays: Religious Perspectives of Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Religious Perspectives on Capital Punishment    Travelling around the world, this paper presents the various religious perspectives evidenced in recent actions taken regarding the death penalty.    In St. Lucia, regional Roman Catholic Bishops, at the Antilles Episcopal Conference held as part of the Antilles Eucharist Congress held in St Lucia in May, publicly stated their wish to see the abolition of the death penalty. The president of the conference, Edgerton Clarke, Archbishop of Kingston, Jamaica, said that while he and his colleagues were mindful of the support for capital punishment in the region they saw life as being of tremendous value, and hoped for the abolition of the death penalty. Capital punishment was one of several issues discussed at the Episcopal Conference which is a forum through which Caribbean bishops examine what is happening in the church and society. The Congress was attended by some 20,000 Catholics from the regional and international community.    In Italy, at a papal mass celebrated by Pope John Paul II at Rome's Regina Coeli Prison on 9 July, prayers were offered for prisoners on death row who were awaiting the end of their existence, and for those kept in inhuman conditions. ''May the death penalty, an unworthy punishment still used in some countries, be abolished throughout the world'' the Pope said.    During the year 2000, the Jubilee Year of the Roman Catholic Church, the Coliseum in Rome has been lit up with a bright white light every time a country abolished the death penalty or announced a moratorium on executions. It was also illuminated if a death sentence was commuted or a prisoner sentenced to death was found to be innocent and released.    In the Russian Federation, meeting in Moscow, the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church on 16 August called for an end to the death penalty. The church gave as its reasons for opposing the death penalty the fact that it can make a judicial error irreparable and also because the penalty causes controversy in society.    In the USA, in February the pastor of the White House, the Reverend Philip Wogaman, senior minister at Washington's Foundry Methodist Church, called for a review of the death penalty, adding his voice to those concerned that innocent people have been condemned and that sentencing is prone to racial bias.    ``Maybe there are circumstances in which historically one can justify this.

Ethical neutrality Essay

In what follows, when we use the term â€Å"evaluation† we will mean, where nothing else is implied or expressly stated, practical value-judgments as to the unsatisfactory or satisfactory character of phenomena subject to our influence. The problem involved in the â€Å"freedom† of a given discipline from evaluations of this kind, i. e., the validity and the meaning of this logical principle, is by no means identical with the question which is to be discussed shortly, namely, whether in teaching one should or should not declare one’s acceptance of practical evaluations, regardless of whether they are based on ethical principles, cultural ideals or a philosophical outlook. This question cannot be settled scientifically. It is itself entirely a question of practical evaluation, and cannot therefore be definitively resolved. With reference to this issue, a wide variety of views are held, of which we shall only mention the two extremes. At one pole we find (a) the standpoint that there is validity in the distinction between purely logically deducible and purely empirical statements of fact on the one hand, and practical, ethical or philosophical evaluations on the other, but that, nevertheless – or, perhaps, even on that account- both classes of problems properly belong in the university. At the other pole we encounter (b) the proposition that even when the distinction cannot be made in a logically complete manner, it is nevertheless desirable that the assertion of practical evaluations should be avoided as much as possible in teaching. This second point of view seems to me to be untenable. Particularly untenable is the distinction which is rather often made in our field between evaluations linked with the positions of â€Å"political parties† and other sorts of evaluations. This distinction cannot be reasonably made: it obscures the practical implications of the evaluations which are suggested to the audience. Once the assertion of evaluations in university lectures is admitted, the contention that the university teacher should be entirely devoid of â€Å"passion† and that he should avoid all subjects which threaten to bring emotion into controversies is a narrow-minded, bureaucratic opinion which every teacher of independent spirit must reject. Of those scholars who believed that they should not renounce the assertion of practical evaluations in empirical discussions, the most passionate of them – such as Treitschke and, in his own way, Mommsen- were the most tolerable. As a result of their intensely emotional tone, their audiences were enabled to discount the influence of their evaluations in whatever distortion of the facts occurred. Thus, the audiences did for themselves what the lecturers could not do because of their temperaments. The effect on the minds of the students was to produce the same depth of moral feeling which, in my opinion, the proponents of the assertion of practical evaluations in teaching want to assure – but without the audience being confused as to the logical distinctiveness of the different types of propositions. This confusion must of necessity occur whenever both the exposition of empirical facts and the exhortation to espouse a particular evaluative standpoint on important issues are done with the same cool dispassionateness. The first point of view (a) is acceptable, and can indeed be acceptable from the standpoint of its own proponents, only when the teacher sees it as his unconditional duty – in every single case, even to the point where it involves the danger of making his lecture less stimulating – to make absolutely clear to his audience, and especially to himself, which of his statements are statements of logically deduced or empirically observed facts and which are statements of practical evaluation. Once one has granted the disjunction between the two spheres, it seems to me that doing this is an imperative requirement of intellectual honesty. It is the absolutely minimal requirement in this case. On the other hand, the question whether one should in general assert practical evaluations in teaching – even with this reservation – is one of practical university policy. On that account, in the last analysis, it must be decided only with reference to those tasks which the individual, according to his own set of values, assigns to the universities. Those who on the basis of their qualifications as university teachers assign to the universities, and thereby to themselves, the universal role of forming character, of inculcating political, ethical, aesthetic, cultural or other beliefs, will take a different position from those who believe it necessary to affirm the proposition and its implications – that university teaching achieves really valuable effects only through specialised training by specially qualified persons. Hence, â€Å"intellectual integrity† is the only specific virtue which universities should seek to inculcate. The first point of view can be defended from as many different ultimate evaluative standpoints as the second. The second – which I personally accept – can be derived from a most enthusiastic as well as from a thoroughly modest estimate of the significance of â€Å"specialised training†. In order to defend this view, one need not be of the opinion that everyone should become as much a pure â€Å"specialist† as possible. One may, on the contrary, espouse it because one does not wish to see the ultimate and deepest personal decisions which a person must make regarding his life, treated exactly as if they were the same as specialised training. One may take this position, however highly one assesses the significance of specialised training, not only for general intellectual training but indirectly also for the self-discipline and the ethical attitude of the young person. Another reason for taking this position is that one does not wish to see the student so influenced by the teacher’s suggestions that he is prevented from solving his problems in accordance with the dictates of his own conscience. Professor von Schmoller’s favourable disposition towards the teacher’s assertion of his own evaluations in the lecture room is thoroughly intelligible to me personally as the echo of a great epoch which he and his friends helped to create. Even he, however, cannot deny the fact that for the younger generation the objective situation has changed considerably in one important respect. Forty years ago there existed among the scholars working in our discipline, the widespread belief that of the various possible points of view in the domain of practical-political evaluations, ultimately only one was the ethically correct one. (Schmoller himself took this position only to a limited extent. ) Today this is no longer the case among the proponents of the assertion of professorial evaluations – as may readily be observed. The legitimacy of the assertion of professorial evaluation is no longer defended in the name of an ethical imperative resting on a relatively simple postulate of justice, which both in its ultimate foundations as well as in its consequences, partly was, and partly seemed to be, relatively unambiguous, and above all relatively impersonal, in consequence of its specifically trans-personal character. Rather, as the result of an inevitable development, it is now done in the name of a motley of â€Å"cultural evaluations†, i. e. , actually subjective cultural demands, or quite openly, in the name of the teachers’ alleged â€Å"rights of personality†. One may well wax indignant over this point of view, but one cannot- because it is a â€Å"practical evaluation† – refute it. Of all the types of prophecy, this â€Å"personally† tinted type of professorial prophecy is the most repugnant. There is no precedent for a situation in which a large number of officially appointed prophets do their preaching or make their professions of faith, not, as other prophets do, on the streets, or in churches or other public places- or if they do it privately, then in personally chosen sectarian conventicles – but rather regard themselves as best qualified to enunciate their evaluations on ultimate questions â€Å"in the name of science† and in the carefully protected quiet of governmentally privileged lecture halls in which they cannot be controlled, or checked by discussion, or subjected to contradiction. It is an axiom of long standing, which Schmoller on one occasion vigorously espoused, that what takes place in the lecture hall should be entirely confidential and not subject to public discussion. Although it is possible to contend that, even for purely academic purposes, this may occasionally have certain disadvantages, I take the view that a â€Å"lecture† should be different from a â€Å"speech†. The unconfined rigour, matter-of-factness and sobriety of the lecture declines, with definite pedagogical losses, once it becomes the object of publicity through, for example, the press. It is only in the sphere of his specialised qualifications that the university teacher is entitled to this privilege of freedom from outside surveillance or publicity. There is, however, no specialised qualification for personal prophecy, and for this reason it should not be granted the privilege of freedom from contradiction and public scrutiny. Furthermore, there should be no exploitation of the fact that the student, in order to make his way in life, must attend certain educational institutions and take courses with certain teachers with the result that in addition to what he needs, i.e. , the stimulation and cultivation of his capacity for understanding and reasoning, and a certain body of factual information – he also gets, slipped in among these, the teacher’s own attitude towards the world which even though sometimes interesting is often of no consequence, and which is in any case not open to contradiction and challenge. Like everyone else, the professor has other opportunities for the propagation of his ideals. When these opportunities are lacking, he can easily create them in an appropriate form, as experience has shown in the case of every honorable attempt. But the professor should not demand the right as a professor to carry the marshal’s baton of the statesman or the cultural reformer in his knapsack. This, however, is just what he does when he uses the unassailability of the academic lecture platform for the expression of political – or cultural-political- sentiments. In the press, in public meetings, in associations, in essays, in every avenue which is open to every other citizen, he can and should do what his God or daemon demands. The student should obtain, from his teacher in the lecture hall, the capacity to content himself with the sober execution of a given task; to recognize facts, even those which may be personally uncomfortable, and to distinguish them from his own evaluations. He should also learn to subordinate himself to his task and to repress the impulse to exhibit his personal sensations or other emotional states unnecessarily. This is vastly more important today than it was 40 years ago when the problem did not even exist in its present form. It is not true – as many have insisted – that the â€Å"personality† is and should be a â€Å"whole†, in the sense that it is distorted when it is not exhibited on every possible occasion. Every professional task has its own â€Å"responsibilities† and should be fulfilled accordingly. In the execution of his professional responsibility, a man should confine himself to it alone and should exclude whatever does not strictly belong to it – particularly his own loves and hates. The powerful personality does not manifest itself by trying to give everything a â€Å"personal touch† on every possible occasion. The generation which is now coming of age should, above all, again become used to the thought that â€Å"being a personality† is a condition which cannot be intentionally brought about by wanting it and that there is only one way by which it can – perhaps- be achieved: namely, the unreserved devotion to a â€Å"task†, whatever it – and its derivative â€Å"demands of the hour†- may be in any individual instance. It is in poor taste to mix personal concerns with the specialised analysis of facts. We deprive the word â€Å"vocation† of the only significant meaning it still possesses if we fail to adhere to that specific kind of self-restraint which it requires. But whether the fashionable â€Å"cult of the personality† seeks to dominate the throne, public office or the professorial chair – its effectiveness is only superficially impressive. Intrinsically, it is very petty and it always has injurious consequences. It should not be necessary for me to emphasise that the proponents of the views against which the present essay is directed can accomplish very little by this sort of cult of the â€Å"personality† for the very reason that it is â€Å"personal†. In part, they see the responsibilities of the university teacher in another light, in part they have other educational ideas which I respect but do not share. For this reason we must seriously consider no only what they are striving to achieve, but also how the views which they legitimate by their authority influence a generation with an already extremely pronounced predisposition to overestimate its own importance. Finally, it scarcely needs to be pointed out that many ostensible opponents of the academic assertion of political evaluations are by no means justified when they invoke the postulate of â€Å"ethical neutrality†, which they often gravely misunderstand, to discredit cultural and social-political discussions which take place in public and away from the university lecture hall. The indubitable existence of this spuriously â€Å"ethically neutral† tendentiousness, which in our discipline is manifested in the obstinate and deliberate partisanship of powerful interest groups, explains why a significant number of intellectually honorable scholars still continue to assert personal preferences in their teaching. They are too proud to identify themselves with this spurious abstention from evaluation. I believe that, in spite of this, what in my opinion is right should be done, and that the influence of the practical evaluations of a scholar, who confines himself to championing them on appropriate occasions outside the classroom, will increase when it becomes known that, inside the classroom, he has the strength of character to do exactly what he was appointed to do. But these statements are, in their turn, all matters of evaluation, and hence scientifically undemonstrable. In any case, the fundamental principle which justifies the practice of asserting practical evaluations in teaching can be consistently held only when its proponents demand that the proponents of the evaluations of all other parties be granted the opportunity to demonstrate the validity of their evaluations from the academic platform . But in Germany, insistence on the right of professors to state their preferences has been associated with the very opposite of the demand for the equal representation of all tendencies- including the most â€Å"extreme†. Schmoller thought that he was being entirely consistent when he declared that â€Å"Marxists and the Manchester school† were disqualified from holding academic positions, although he was never so unjust as to ignore their intellectual accomplishments. It is exactly on these points that I could never agree with our honoured master. One obviously ought not in one breath to justify the expression of evaluations in teaching – and when the conclusions are drawn therefrom, point out that the university is a state institution for the training of â€Å"loyal† civil servants. Such a procedure makes the university, not into a specialised technical school- which appears to be so degrading to many teachers- but rather into a theological seminary, although it does not have the religious dignity of the latter. Attempts have been made to set certain purely â€Å"logical† limits to the range of evaluations which should be allowed in university teaching. One of our foremost professors of law once explained, in discussing his opposition to the exclusion of socialists from university posts, that he too would be unwilling to accept an â€Å"anarchist† as a teacher of law since anarchists, in principle, deny the validity of law – and he regarded this argument as conclusive. My own opinion is exactly the opposite. An anarchist can surely be a good legal scholar. And if he is such, then indeed the Archimedean point of his convictions, which is outside the conventions and presuppositions which are so self-evident to us, could enable him to perceive problems in the fundamental postulates of legal theory which escape those who take them for granted. The most fundamental doubt is one source of knowledge. The jurist is no more responsible for â€Å"proving† the value of these cultural objects which are bound up with â€Å"law†, than the physician is responsible for demonstrating that the prolongation of life should be striven for under all conditions. Neither of them can do this with the means at their disposal. If, however, one wishes to turn the university into a forum for discussion of practical evaluations, then it obviously is obligatory to permit the most unrestricted freedom of discussion of fundamental questions from all standpoints. Is this feasible? Today the most decisive and important political evaluations are denied expression in German universities by the very nature of the present political situation. For all those to whom the interests of the national society transcend any of its individual concrete institutions, it is a question of central importance whether the conception which prevails today regarding the position of the monarch in Germany is reconcilable with the world interests of the country, and with the means- war and diplomacy- through which these are pursued. It is not always the worst patriots nor even anti-monarchists who give a negative answer to this question, and who doubt the possibility of lasting success in both these spheres unless some profound changes are made. Everyone knows, however, that these vital questions of our national life cannot be discussed with full freedom in German universities . In view of the fact that certain evaluations which are of decisive political significance are permanently prohibited in university discussion, it seems to me to be only in accord with the dignity of a representative of science and scholarship to be silent about such evaluations as he is allowed to expound. In no case, however, should the unresolvable question – unresolvable because it is ultimately a question of evaluations – as to whether one may, must, or should champion certain practical evaluations in teaching, be confused with the purely logical discussion of the relationship of evaluations to empirical disciplines such as sociology and economics. Any confusion on this point will hamper the thoroughness of the discussion of the logical problem. However, even the solution of the logical problem will provide no aid in seeking to answer the other question, beyond the two purely logically required conditions of clarity and an explicit distinction by the teacher of the different classes of problems. Nor need I discuss further whether the distinction between empirical propositions or statements of fact and practical evaluations is â€Å"difficult† to make. It is. All of us, those of us who take this position as well as others, come up against it time and again. But the exponents of the so-called â€Å"ethical economics†, particularly, should be aware, even though the moral law is unfulfillable, it is nonetheless â€Å"imposed† as a duty. Self-scrutiny would perhaps show that the fulfillment of this postulate is especially difficult, just because we reluctantly refuse to approach the very alluring subject of evaluation with a titillating â€Å"personal touch†. Every teacher has observed that the faces of his students light up and they become more interested when he begins to make a profession of faith, and that the attendance at his lectures is greatly increased by the expectation that he will do so. Everyone knows furthermore that, in the competition for students, universities when making recommendations for promotion will often give a prophet, however minor, who can fill the lecture halls, the upper hand over a much weightier and more sober scholar who does not offer his own evaluations. Of course, it is  understood that the prohet will leave untouched the politically dominant or conventional evaluations which are generally accepted at the time. Only the spuriously â€Å"ethical-neutral† prophet who speaks for powerful groups has, of course, better opportunities for promotion as a result of the influence which these groups have on the prevailing political powers. I regard all this as very unsatisfactory, and I will therefore not go into the proposition that the demand for abstention from evaluation is â€Å"petty† and that it makes lectures â€Å"boring†. I will not go into the question as to whether lecturers on specialised empirical problems must seek above all to be â€Å"interesting†. For my own part, in any case, I fear that a lecturer who makes his lectures stimulating by the intrusion of personal evaluations will, in the long run, weaken the students’ taste for sober empirical analysis. I will acknowledge without further discussion that it is possible, under the guise of eliminating all practical evaluations, to insinuate such evaluations with especial force by simple â€Å"letting the facts speak for themselves†. The better kind of parliamentary and electoral speeches in Germany operate in this way – and quite legitimately, given their purposes. No words should be wasted in declaring that all such procedures in university lectures, particularly if one is concerned with the observance of this separation, are , of all abuses, the most abhorrent. The fact, however, that a dishonestly created illusion of the fulfillment of an ethical imperative can be passed off as the reality, constitutes no criticism of the imperative itself. At any rate, even if the teacher does not believe that he should deny himself the right of rendering evaluations, he should make it absolutely explicit to the students and to himself that he is doing so. Finally, we must oppose to the utmost the widespread view that scientific â€Å"objectivity† is achieved by weighing the various evaluations against one another and making a â€Å"statesman-like† compromise among them. The â€Å"middle way† is not only just as undemonstrable scientifically – with the means of the empirical sciences – as the â€Å"most extreme† evaluations: in the sphere of evaluations, it is the least unequivocal. It does not belong in the university – but rather in political programmes, government offices, and in parliament. IThe sciences, both normative and empirical, are capable of rendering an inestimable service to persons engaged in political activity by telling them that (1) these and these â€Å"ultimate† evaluative positions are conceivable with reference to this practical problem; and (2) that such and such are the facts which you must take into account in making your choice between these evaluative positions. And with this we come to the real problem.

How to Write Psychology Research Paper Thesis

How to Write Psychology Research Paper Thesis First of all, psychology research paper thesis should be organized like any other scientific thesis. The sections are: title, abstract, introduction, results, discussion, references and endnotes. The title of your paper should tell to reader a lot about the content of your work, and it should be as short as possible. Abstract is a brief summary of the entire work, usually it consists of one paragraph. Here you mention problem and method of solving it, results and your conclusions. The abstract should give the reader clear idea about your work. After reading your abstract, the reader will decide if your paper deserves his attention. Introduction should introduce the reader to the problem and include questions you try to answer. It underlines theoretical or practical importance of the work. There are two ways to construct the introduction. In the first case you can state the problem and then mention what is written about it. The second variant is to review the history of the problem and then state the problem itself. The introduction must lead to the statement of your chosen approach. Results. Here you bring the summary of your work, explaining what you have actually found. It should not contain detailed statistics but some useful data to help readers understand the situation. All kinds of graphs, tables and charts are very effective in this section of the paper. Then you come to discussion. You can bring the summary of results and return to the basic question of the work, comparing the results with your hypothesis. References also must be organized in appropriate way, listing all the works used for your research. Following these easy steps you will surely write successful psychology research paper thesis.